The gap between practise and theory is often described in negative words in teachers? professional lives. Learning study is a model for teachers´ professional development where a theoretical framework is used to enhance practice. The theoretical framework used by teachers in learning study is Variation theory. In this study the research object is Variation theory and the aim is to present how Variation theory becomes a guiding principle to understand teaching and learning processes.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine if the school's democracy project is successful. The objective is examined in relation to two specific questions. The first question is whether students, after completing their studies in civics A, understand the relationship between the concepts of human rights and democracy. The second is if the students understood the concepts of practical significance and impact on society and the individual. Variation theory comes from the phenomenographic theories and is central to this work. The approach to learning, in this essay, is a change in how a person experiences, understands or perceives a phenomenon. Variation theory focuses on a learning object and contextualization sees as crucial to how the individual perceives the object.The study is based on a quantitative research method in the form of a survey at a secondary school. A number of students may respond to valuation questions about how they perceive democracy and human rights in practical situations. The results are related to curriculum goals.The results of the study is not positive in relation to curriculum objectives, where many students respond negatively to questions..

The purpose of our essay is to examine if variation exists in the way that auditors try their independence, this so called analysis-model. We will suggest some factors that influence the way auditors practise the analysis-model. The institutional theory predicts no differencies since the normative pressure could be expected to be severe. But we found that among other things people?s qualifications, personalities and audit firm?s size and age influence the way auditors try their independence.

This study is based on an interest in trying to understand what is needed to ensure that students actually learn in a learning object, in this study equations. Algebra is an area of mathematics in several studies proved to be a stumbling block for many students. Using letters in mathematis is difficult for most students according to research reports and it is also consistent with my own experince as a teacher. The purpose of this study was to seek answers to what in the lesson content and also during the interview that allowed the students to learn more about the learning object. Based on students' prior knowledge and the difficulties students might have with the learning object and the offer of learning, I try to get an answer to what might have contribut the students to developed knowledge of the learning object.

The aim of the study is to investigate reasoning about variation in learning, made by Waldorf, Freinet- and Bifrost pedagogues. The focal points are how the pedagogues reason about variation in learning and why they want to use variation. It is a qualitative study, and it is done through interviews with one Waldorf pedagogue, one Freinet pedagogue and one Bifrost pedagogue. The conversation with each pedagogue is complemented by literature that describes and discusses each pedagogue?s specific teaching method. The results of the study are linked to different theories and reasoning by scientists and professors.

Denna studie har vi gjort för att ta reda på hur lärare väljer att organisera arbetet i skolan, samt hur de anser att elevers behov av variation i undervisningen tillgodoses. I vår undersökning har vi använt oss av kvalitativa intervjuer. Vi har intervjuat lärare på olika skolor i två minder kommuner i Norrbotten och har i vår undersökning kommit fram till att variationen av undervisningen är begränsad och alla elever får inte komma till sin rätt. Större variation i undervisningen behövs för att alla elever ska ha samma chans att inhämta kunskap..

Despite narrative advertising being an increasingly popular strategy among brands today, little research has examined the different expressions of repetition variation strategy in comparison to its alternative, argumentative advertising. Still unexplained is whether the appreciation and recognition created from successful storytelling-based commercial campaigns is a result of execution or the format itself. This study aims to investigate four repetition variation strategies, three narratives and one argumentative, to determine which one is the most effective and also which one that generates the highest advertising equity. An experiment was conducted through exposing four groups of Swedish High School students to text-based advertising manuscripts customized after format, where each group was exposed to ads on two separate occasions. The result showed evidence of narrative advertising being easier to comprehend, which according to theory should lead to higher advertising effectiveness.

Syfte: Uppsatsen syfte är att ur ett konsumentperspektiv förklara huruvida det finns ett samband mellan konsumentens upplevelse av variationen och förekomsten av EMV inom ett sortiment. Teori En genomgång av befintlig teori rörande områdena konsumentupplevd variation, konsumentupplevd kvalite och EMVs inverkan på faktisk variation som har legat till grund för utformning av vår teoretiska referensram. Metod: För genomförandet av uppsatsen har vi ett deduktivt angreppssätt. Utifrån våra hypoteser har vi utfört en kvantitativ konsumentundersökning. Vidare har undersökningen utförts i två olika butiker med väldigt lika förutsättningar, förutom att EMV endast förekommer i den ena butiken.

The aim of this study has been to investigate students? understanding of fractions when they occur in the practical subject home economics. In order to investigate this, the learning study method was used. Learning study can be understood as a method to gain deeper understanding of what is learnt by students during a lesson to increase learning outcome.The Variation theory framework has been utilized to analyze the results of this study. The object of learning was chosen to be addition of fractions bigger than one half when they appear in home economics.

Sedan bytet av växelkurssystem och introducerandet av inflationsmålsstyrning i slutet av 1992 respektive början av 1993 har Sveriges Riksbank bedrivit penningpolitik förankrad i ett räntestyrningssystem där låg och stabil inflation eftersträvas. Enligt makroekonomisk teori skapar ett sådant system med nödvändighet krav på kompromiss mellan å ena sidan liten variation i inflation och å andra sidan liten variation i BNP-gapet (konjunkturen). Som följd av en ökad trovärdighet för den nya penningpolitiken meddelade Riksbanken i början av 1999 officiellt att mer hänsyn ska tas till den reala ekonomin på bekostnad av något större variation i inflationen. I den här uppsatsen undersöks genom skattning av modifierade Taylorregler baserade på realtidsdata över Riksbankens prognoser på inflation och BNP-gap i vilken utsträckning penningpolitiken har blivit mer flexibel över tiden. Resultaten visar att BNP-gapets påverkan på reporäntan har varit i princip oförändrad mellan 1993 och 2005..

Studien undersöker hur lärare behandlar undervisningsinnehållet geometrisk likformighet, samt de möjliga dimensionerna av variation som öppnas. Studien genomfördes genom observation av fyra gymnasielärare, vilka undervisar i matematikkurs B (samhällsprogrammet). Observationerna kompletterades med två intervjuer. Vid bearbetning av det insamlade datamaterialet har variationsteorin använts som analysverktyg. Resultatet visar att eleverna fick erfara ett antal öppnade dimensioner av variation, som kan vara av betydelse för att skapa utmaningar för eleverna..

Interdisciplinärt examensarbete inom lärarutbildningen, 15 hpSvenska som andraspråk, fördjupningskurs SIS133Vt 2012Handledare: Håkan Jansson.

I denna studie undersöks vilka möjliga dimensioner av variation som kan finnas i framställningen av lärandeobjektet geometriska talföljder och summor. Detta har undersökts genom observation av undervisning hos fem olika gymnasielärare. Observationerna transkriberades och analyserades utifrån ett variationsteoretiskt perspektiv. Resultatet av arbetet är ett antal formulerade dimensioner av variation, som kan användas för att planera och analysera undervisning rörande geometriska talföljder och summor..

Increased competition in the IT industry has sparked a need for developing faster innovation processes with more predictable output. One of the biggest issues when it comes to achieving a faster flow through the innovation process lies in managing its high degree of variation. Proposing a solution to this problem, Lean Software Development (LSD), was developed to provide a framework for how IT companies should organize its software development process to achieve increased speed and quality. This study examines to which extent LSD, as a set of values, principles, methods and tools, can be used to improve flow efficiency in the innovation process. A case study of a multinational IT company was made by conducting ten semi-structured interviews with current employees.

The aim of this study is to look at the way four teachers in, and five workbooks for, the course Svenska 1/A+B in upper-secondary schools include language varieties in their content. The research is based on qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the workbooks, where words and content are examined, and also interviews with the teachers who presents how they work with language varieties in their education. The results show that language varieties are accepted in school-education at the same time as they are, and have been, alienated in a way. The results also show that language varieties are less prioritized than other areas of education in the same subject..